$attr = $this->_objectManager->create('Magento\Eav\Model\ResourceModel\Entity\Attribute');
$attributeId = $attr->getIdByCode('catalog_product', 'brand');  

$eav = $this->_objectManager->create('Magento\Eav\Setup\EavSetup');

$options=array('option1','option2','option3',.....);
for($i=0;$i<count($options);$i++){
   $option['order']['option'.$i] =$i;/*option的sort_order*/
   $option['value']['option'.$i][0] = $options[$i];/*option后台显示lable*/
   $option['value']['option'.$i][1] = $options[$i];/*option前台显示lable*/
}

$eav->addAttributeOption($option);