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python中的时间模块time

时间:2016-04-27 13:55来源:未知 作者:最模板 点击:
time.time() 代表了从特定时间点,也被称作纪元(epoch:[英][ˈi:pɔk][美][ˈɛpək, ˈiˌpɑk])开始所经历的秒数,是一个看起来不够直观的浮点数,这个时间根据不同的平台有所不同,一般为
  • time.time()

代表了从特定时间点,也被称作纪元(epoch: [英] [ ˈi:pɔk ]  [美] [ ˈɛpək, ˈiˌpɑk ] )开始所经历的秒数,是一个看起来不够直观的浮点数,这个时间根据不同的平台有所不同,一般为1970年1月1日午夜。例:

>>> import time

>>> time.time()
1299080804.953

>>>print time.asctime(time.gmtime(0))
Thu Jan 0100:00:001970
  • time.gmtime([secs]),  time.localtime ([secs])

time.gmtime将任何时间戳(参数secs所代表的秒数)转化为一个元组,该元组为GMT(格林威治标准时),亦即UTC(世界标准时间)。也可以传递一个时间戳(从纪元开始经历的秒数)给time.localtime,会根据当前时区进行时间转化。

>>> time.gmtime(0)
time.struct_time(tm_year=1970, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=1, tm_isdst=0)
>>> time.localtime(0)
time.struct_time(tm_year=1970, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=8, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=1, tm_isdst=0)

  • time.asctime([t])

将struct_time转换为一个由24字符组成的字符串(24-character string),格式如:

Thu Mar 0300:16:042011
  • time.strftime ( format [ ,  t ] )

将一个元组(tuple)或者struct_time类,即参数t,转换为指定格式的字符串

  • time.striptime( string [ ,  format ] )

跟time.strftime相反的操作,解析给定的字符串并返回一个struct_time类。例:

>>> from time import strftime, gmtime

>>> strftime("%a %d %b %Y  %H:%M:%S")
'Thu 03 Mar 2011  00:29:41'
>>> strftime("%a %d %b %Y  %H:%M:%S", gmtime())
'Wed 02 Mar 2011  16:30:09'
>>> time.strptime("30 Feb 11", "%d %b %y")
...
ValueError: day is out of range for month
>>> time.strptime("28 Feb 11", "%d %b %y")
time.struct_time(tm_year=2011, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=28, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=59, tm_isdst=-1)

  • time.sleep(secs)

可以实现在python程序中的延时,单位为秒,并支持浮点数非整数秒的延时。例:

>>>for i in range(3):
    time.sleep(2.5)
    print"hello world!"

    
hello world!
hello world!
hello world!
>>>

附一:struct_time

Index Attribute Values
0 tm_year (for example, 1993)
1 tm_mon range [1, 12]
2 tm_mday range [1, 31]
3 tm_hour range [0, 23]
4 tm_min range [0, 59]
5 tm_sec range [0, 61]; see  (1) in  strftime() description
6 tm_wday range [0, 6], Monday is 0
7 tm_yday range [1, 366]
8 tm_isdst 0, 1 or -1; see below

附二:directives can be embedded in the  format string

Directive Meaning Notes
%a Locale’s abbreviated weekday name.  
%A Locale’s full weekday name.  
%b Locale’s abbreviated month name.  
%B Locale’s full month name.  
%c Locale’s appropriate date and time representation.  
%d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].  
%H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].  
%I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].  
%j Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366].  
%m Month as a decimal number [01,12].  
%M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].  
%p Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM. (1)
%S Second as a decimal number [00,61]. (2)
%U Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0. (3)
%w Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6].  
%W Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0. (3)
%x Locale’s appropriate date representation.  
%X Locale’s appropriate time representation.  
%y Year without century as a decimal number [00,99].  
%Y Year with century as a decimal number.  
%Z Time zone name (no characters if no time zone exists).  
%% A literal  '%' character.

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